Thomas A. DeFanti

Thomas A. DeFanti, Ph.D., (born 1948) is an internationally recognized pioneer in visualization and virtual reality technologies. As a leader in the development of next-generation networks to advance science, DeFanti has also overseen a multitude of innovations in the area of computer networks.

Biography

DeFanti received a B.A. in Mathematics from Queens College in 1969, a M.S. in Computer Information Science from Ohio State University in 1970, and here three years later in 1973 a Ph.D. in Computer Information Science. He did his PhD work under Charles Csuri in the Computer Graphics Research Group. For his dissertation, he created the GRASS programming language.

In 1973, he joined the faculty of the University of Illinois at Chicago. In the next 20 years at the University, DeFanti has amassed a number of credits, including: use of EVL hardware and software for the computer animation produced for the Star Wars movie. With Daniel J. Sandin, he founded the Circle Graphics Habitat, now known as the Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL). DeFanti contributed greatly to the growth of the SIGGRAPH organization and conference. He served as Chair of the group from 1981 to 1985, co-organized early film and video presentations, which became the Electronic Theatre, and in 1979 started the SIGGRAPH Video Review, a video archive of computer graphics research.

DeFanti is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. He has received the 1988 ACM Outstanding Contribution Award, the 2000 SIGGRAPH Outstanding Service Award, and the UIC Inventor of the Year Award.

Work

DeFanti is currently a research scientist at the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2) at the University of California, San Diego - a position he has held since March of 2005. DeFanti's involvement at Calit2 began during his last sabbatical from the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), where he is a distinguished professor emeritus in the department of Computer Science, and, until 2010, a director of the Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL), and the director of the Software Technologies Research Center.

In July 2008, DeFanti and a team of computer scientists and other colleagues at UCSD received a $2 million grant to support the GreenLight Instrument, which will enable five communities of application scientists - drawn from metagenomics, ocean observing, microscopy, bioinformatics, and the digital media - to gain a better understanding of how to measure and then minimize energy consumption using a variety of computing architectures, software innovations, and UCSD's alternative energy and cooling sources.

DeFanti also leads Calit2's collaboration with King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) which has announced an ambitious program to create a world-class scientific visualization and virtual reality facility. DeFanti and his team at Calit2 will assist KAUST in developing a number of 3-D, high-resolution displays, as well as related matters: teleconferencing, networking, computation, and storage.

While at Calit2, DeFanti has collaborated with a variety of researchers on LambdaGrid technology, which operates single or multiple lambdas in a fiber-based network.

DeFanti was also integral in forging a partnership between the National Lambda Rail (NLR) and the Illinois-based company Darkstrand, which later led to a doubling of the NLR's wavelengths using Darkstrand capital, a significant technology offering to academia and industry that is unparalleled worldwide. The CAVEwave, another of DeFanti's NLR efforts, is the first example of a 10G lightpath deployed for a single principal investigator to connect his national research nodes.

Together with his colleagues Greg Dawe and Dan Sandin, whom he worked with for 3 decades previously, DeFanti designed and built the Calit2 StarCAVE one of the world's most advanced virtual-reality systems, taking the original CAVE conception by DeFanti and Sandin to much higher resolution and contrast.

In 2005, DeFanti, Calit2 Director Larry Smarr and colleagues Laurin Herr and Error! Reference source not found. created the CineGrid initiative to fully exploit and leverage Calit2's the state-of-the-art digital cinema installation. CineGrid has now attracted a worldwide membership of dozens of universities, companies, networks and non-profits (like the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences), and networks, and has held major conference and demonstration events at Calit2. The CineGrid Exchange, a hundreds-of-terabytes globally distributed digital cinema archiving system, is currently in development at Calit2 and is being propagated to Chicago, Toronto, Amsterdam, Prague and Tokyo.

Also in 2005, DeFanti co-chaired iGrid2005 assisting longtime colleague Maxine Brown, iGrid2005 chair, which brought 100 Gigabits of networking and several dozen major international e-science and electronic art experiments into Calit2. The event established Calit2 as one of a handful of world-class Global Lambda Integrated Facility Optical Lambda Exchanges (GLIF GOLEs).

DeFanti's prior efforts have also included a role directing significant parts of the OptiPuter project -- a $13.5 million virtual parallel computer that incorporates widely distributed processor clusters connected over one or more dedicated circuits, and mass storage systems that serve as large distributed scientific data repositories. The OptIPuter is an embodiment of the vision of the "hollowing out of the computer" prophesized by Erich Schmidt in the mid-1990s. Its fundamental inventions include software and middleware to deliver unique capabilities in a world in which bandwidth is greater than individual computers can saturate.

The OptIPuter has become a cornerstone upon which to build Calit2's large cyberinfrastructure activities, including the Moore Foundation-sponsored CAMERA project, NSF's LOOKING ocean observatory prototype, NSF's Ocean Sciences Division Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Cyberinfrastructure grant, the CineGrid initiative, and several major outreach activities in progress and proposal form.

In addition to his role on the OptiPuter team, DeFanti also designed and implemented the local infrastructure for very high-end visualization and virtual reality experiments in Calit2's New Media Arts Wing, equipping its auditorium with the world's most advanced digital cinema projector and hardware, software, and the 10 gigabit Ethernet networking to drive it. DeFanti procured and deployed the world's highest resolution (40 megapixels/eye) autostereo system, dubbed the Varrier, designed by Dan Sandin of EVL, which allows people to see 3D visuals without special glasses.

Recognition
DeFanti has received numerous honors and awards, including:

• ACM Outstanding Contribution Award, 1988.
• University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1989-1992
  
• ACM Fellow, elected 1994.
  
• Pioneer Award, Center for New TV, Chicago, IL, 1998
  
• Recipient, UIC College of Engineering Faculty Research Award, April 1999.
  
• UIC Inventor of the Year Award, (for conceiving and developing the CAVE virtual reality theater), May 2000.
  
• Outstanding Service Award, ACM SIGGRAPH, July 2000.
  
• Fellow, International Engineering Consortium, Chicago, IL, October 2000, <www.iec.org>
  
• UIC Distinguished Professor, awarded March 2001.
  
• The Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California
  
• (CENIC) 2006 Innovation in Networking Award, March 2006 (NEW)
  
• Outstanding Research Achievement, UIC's College of Engineering November, 2006
  
• IEEE Virtual Reality Technical Achievement Award, March 2007

Publications

I. Refereed Journal Articles

1. T.A. DeFanti and D.J. Sandin, "Computer Graphics as a Way of Life," Computers and Graphics, Volume I, No. 1, May 1975.
2. T.A DeFanti, G. Campbell. "Two Bit/Pixel Full Color Encoding," Computer Graphics, Vol. 20, No. 4., August 1986
3. J.C. Hart, T.A. DeFanti, "Efficient Anti-Aliased Rendering of 3DLinear Fractals," Computer Graphics, Vol. 25, No. 4, July 1991, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'91.
4. J.C. Hart, G.W. Lescinsky, D.J. Sandin, T.A. DeFanti and L.H. Kauffman, "Scientific and Artistic Investigation of Multi-Dimensional Fractals on the AT&T Pixel Machine," The Visual Computer, May 1993.
5. T.M. Roy, C. Cruz-Neira, T.A. DeFanti, D.J. Sandin, "Steering a High Performance Computing Application from a Virtual Environment," Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 4, No. 2, MIT Press, Spring 1995, pp. 121-129.
6. T. DeFanti, I. Foster, M. Papka, R. Stevens, and T. Kuhfuss, "Overview of the I-WAY: Wide area visual supercomputing," The International Journal of Supercomputer Applications and High Performance Computing, Summer/Fall 1996, pp. 123-131.
7. J. Leigh, A. Johnson, and T. DeFanti, "CAVERN: Distributed Architecture for Supporting Scalable Persistence and Interoperability in Collaborative Virtual Environments," Journal of Virtual Reality Research, Development and Applications, Virtual Reality Society, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 1997, pp 217-237.
8. M. Czernuszenko, D. Sandin, A. Johnson, T. DeFanti, "Modeling 3D Scenes from Video," The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics, Springer Verlag, November 1999, Vol. 15, No. 7/8, pp. 341-348.
9. A. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, T. DeFanti, A. Hudson, B. Dodds, J. Curtis, "A Behavioral Layer Architecture for Telecollaborative Virtual Manufacturing Operations," IEEE Transactions on Robotics & Automation, Vol. 16, No. 3, June 2000, pp. 218-227.
10. Y. Zhou, T. Murata, T. DeFanti, and H. Zhang, "Fuzzy-Timing Petri Net Modeling and Simulation of a Networked Virtual Environment-NICE," Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) Transactions in Japan (Special Section on Concurrent Systems Technology), Vol. E83-A, No. 11, 2000, pp. 2166-2176.
11. Y. Zhou, T. Murata, T. DeFanti; "Modeling and Analysis of Collaborative Virtual Environments by Using Extended Fuzzy-Timing Petri Nets," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, special issue on Discrete Systems and Control, Vol. 30, No. 5, October 2000, pp. 737-756.
12. T.A. DeFanti, M. D.Brown, J. Leigh, O. Yu, E. He, J. Mambretti, D. Lillethun and J. Weinberger, "Optical Switching Middleware for the OptIPuter," Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) Transactions on Communications (special issue on Photonic IP Network Technologies for Next Generation Broadband Access), Japan, Volume E86-B, No. 8, August 2003, pp. 2263-2272.
13. Rajvikram Singh, Jason Leigh, Thomas A. DeFanti, Fotis Karayannis, "TeraVision : A High Resolution Graphics Streaming Device for Amplified Collaboration Environments," Future Generation of Computer Systems (FGCS), Elsevier Science Press, Volume 19, Issue 6, August 2003, pp. 957-972.
14. Chong (Charles) Zhang, Jason Leigh, Thomas A. DeFanti, Marco Mazzucco, Robert Grossman, "TeraScope: Distributed Visual Data Mining of Terascale Data Sets over Photonic Networks," Future Generation of Computer Systems (FGCS), Elsevier Science Press, Volume 19, Issue 6, August 2003, pp. 935-944
15. Eric He, Javid Alimohideen, Naveen K. Krishnaprasad, Jason Leigh, Oliver Yu, Thomas A. DeFanti, "Quanta: A Toolkit for High Performance Data Delivery over Photonic Networks," Future Generation of Computer Systems (FGCS), Elsevier Science Press, Volume 19, Issue 6, August 2003, pp. 919-934.
16. DeFanti, T.A., Brown, M., Mambretti, J., Silvester, J., Johnson, R., "TransLight, a major US component of the GLIF Cyberinfrastructure," Technology watch (CTWatch) Quarterly, Volume 1, Number 2, May 2005, < www.ctwatch.org/quarterly/articles/2005/05/trans-light>
17. Sandin, D.J., Margolis, T., Ge, J., Girado, J., Peterka, T., DeFanti, T.A., "The varrier autostereoscopic virtual reality display," ACM Transactions on graphics: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2005, Los Angeles, CA, July 31- August 4, 2005, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 894-903
18. Sandin, D.J., DeFanti, T.A., Kauffman, L., Spielmann, Y., "The artist and the scientific research environment," Leonardo, June 2006, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 219-221.
19. Smarr, L., DeFanti, T.A., Brown, M.D., de Laat, C., (guest editors), "Special section: iGrid 2005: The global Lambda integrated facility", Future generation computer systems/The international journal of grid computing: Theory, methods and applications, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 22, #8, October 2006.
20. Shimizu, T., Shirai, D., Takahashi, H., Murooka, T., Obana, K., Tonomura, Y., Inoue, T., Yamaguchi, T., Fujii, T., Ohta, N., Ono, S., Aoyama, T., Herr, L., van Osdol, N., Wang, X., Brown, M.D., DeFanti, T.A., Feld, R., Balser, J., Morris, S., Henthorn, T., Dawe, G., Otto, P., Smarr, L., "International real-time streaming of 4K digital cinema", Future generation computer systems/The international journal of grid computing: Theory, methods and applications, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 22, May 2006, pp 929-939,
21. Leigh, J., Renambot, L., Johnson, A., Jeong, B., Jagodic, R., Schwarz, N., Svistula, D., Singh, R., Aguilera, J., Wang, X., Vishwanath, V., Lopez, B., Sandin, D., Peterka, T., Girado, J., Kooima, R., Ge, J., Long, L., Verlo, A., DeFanti, T.A., Brown, M., Cox, D., Patterson, R., Dorn, P., Wefel, P., Levy, S., Talandis, J., Reitzer, J., Prudhomme, T., Coffin, T., Davis, B., Wielinga, P., Stolk, B., Koo, G.B., Kim, J., Han, S., Kim, J., Corrie, B., Zimmerman, T., Boulanger, P., Garcia, M., "The Global Lambda visualization facility: An international ultra-high-definition wide-area visualization collaboratory", Future generation computer systems/The international journal of grid computing: Theory, methods and applications, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 22, pp. 964-971, May 2006.
22. Peterka, T., Sandin, D.J., Ge, J., Girado, J., Kooima, R., Leigh, J., Johnson, A., Thiebaux, M., DeFanti, T.A., "Personal varrier: Autostereoscopic virtual reality display for distributed scientific visualization", Future generation computer systems/The international journal of grid computing: Theory, methods and applications, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 22, October 2006.
23. Hirano, A., Renambot, L., Jeong, B., Leigh, J., Verlo, A., Vishwanath, V., Singh, R., Aguilera, J., Johnson, A., DeFanti, T.A., Long, L., Schwarz, N., Brown, M., Nagatsu, N., Tsukishima, Y., Tomizawa, M., Miyamoto, Y., Jinno, M., Takigawa, Y., Ishida, O., "The first functional demonstration of optical virtual concatenation as a technique for achieving Terabit networking", Future generation computer systems/The international journal of grid computing: Theory, methods and applications, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 22, pp, October 2006.
24. Kenyon, R.V., Sandin, D., Smith, R.C., Pawlicki, R., DeFanti, T.A., "Size-Constancy in the CAVE ," Presence: Teleoperators and virtual environments, Volume 16, Issue 2, April 2007, pp. 172-187
25. Smarr, L., Herr, L., DeFanti, T.A., Ohta, N., Otto, P., "CineGrid: A new cyberinfrastructure for high resolution media streaming," CT Watch, Vol. 3, No., 2, May 2007 <www.ctwatch.org/quarterly/articles/2007/05/cinegrid/>.
26. Peterka, T., Kooima, R.L., Sandin, D.J., Johnson, A., Leigh, J., DeFanti, T.A., "Advances in the Dynallax solid-state dynamic parallax barrier autostereoscopic visualization display system", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 487-499, May/Jun, 2008.
27. Smarr, L., Gilna, P., Papadopoulos, P., DeFanti, T.A., Hidley, G., Wooley, J., Virginia Armbrust, E., Rohwer, F., Frost, E., "Building an OptIPlanet collaboratory to support microbial metagenomics", Future generation computer system/The international journal of grid computing: Theory, methods and applications. Elsevier B.V., June 2008
28. DeFanti, T.A., Leigh, J., Renambot, L., Jeong, B., Verlo, A., Long, L., Brown, M., Sandin, D., Vishwanath, V., Liu, Q., Katz, M., Papadopoulos, P., Keefe, J., Hidley, G., Dawe, G., Kaufman, I., Glogowski, B., Doerr, K.U., Girado, J., Schulze, J.P., Kuester, F., Smarr, L., "The OptIPortal, a scalable visualization, storage, and computing interface device for the OptiPuter", Future generation computer systems/The international journal of grid computing: Theory, methods and applications, Elsevier B.V., Vol 25, issue 2, November 2008, pp. IN PRESS
29. DeFanti, T.A., Dawe, G., Sandin, D.J., Schulze, J.P., Otto, P., Girado, J., Kuester, F., Smarr, L., Rao, R., "The StarCAVE, A third-generation CAVE and virtual reality OptIPortal," Future generation computer systems/The international journal of grid computing: Theory, methods and applications, Elsevier B.V., Vol 25, issue 2, November 2008, IN PRESS

II. Books and Book Chapters (Encyclopedia entries should not be listed here. List them in B.III Other Works)

30. T. DeFanti and D. Sandin, "TV or Not TV" (chapter in book), Computer Graphics for Image Making, David Clark (editor), Pergamon Press, 1980
31. Computer Learning Lab for the ZX80, book, Image Computer Products, 1981, with Dick Ainsworth and Copper Giloth
32. "Matching the System to the Goals," Chapter in book Computers for Imagemaking, ed. David R. Clark, Pergammon Press, 1981, with Daniel Sandin
33. "The Mass Impact of Videogame Technology," Advances in Computing, Vol. 23, Academic Press, 1984
34. "Computer Graphics as a Way of Life," introductory chapter to The Algorithmic Image by Michael Rivlin, 1986
35. T.A. DeFanti, M.D. Brown, and B.H. McCormick, "Visualization-Expanding Scientific and Engineering Research Opportunities", Readings in Information Visualization, S. Card, J. Mackinlay, and B. Shneiderman (eds.), Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., 1999, pp. 39-56. (Reprinted from IEEE Computer, Vol. 22, No. 8, 1989, pp. 12-25.)
36. DeFanti, T.A. and Brown, M.D., "Visualization in Scientific Computing" (chapter), Advances in Computers, Volume 33, Academic Press, Spring 1991.
37. T.A. DeFanti, D.J. Sandin and C. Cruz-Neira, "A 'Room' with a 'View'" (chapter), Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality, Randall Packer and Ken Jordan (eds.), W. W. Norton, February 2001. (Reprinted from IEEE Spectrum, October 1993, pp. 30-33.)
38. Tom DeFanti, Dan Sandin, Maxine Brown, Dave Pape, Josephine Anstey, Mike Bogucki, Greg Dawe, Andy Johnson and Thomas S. Huang, "Technologies for Virtual Reality/Tele-Immersion Applications: Issues of Research in Image Display and Global Networking" (chapter), Frontiers of Human-Centred Computing, Online Communities and Virtual Environments, Rae Earnshaw, Richard Guedj, Andries van Dam and John Vince (editors), Springer-Verlag London, 2001, pp. 137-159. (Report from the European Commission/National Science Foundation Advanced Research Workshop on Human-Centered Computing, Online Communities, and Virtual Environments, Chateau de Bonas, France, June 1-4, 1999.)
39. R. Stevens and T.A. DeFanti, "Tele-Immersion and Collaborative Virtual Environments," The Grid: A Blueprint for the New Computing Infrastructure, I. Foster and C. Kesselman (eds.), Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1999, pp. 131-158.
40. Thomas A. DeFanti, Jason Leigh, Maxine D. Brown, Daniel J. Sandin, Oliver Yu, Chong Zhang, Rajvikram Singh, Eric He, Javid Alimohideen, Naveen K. Krishnaprasad, Robert Grossman, Marco Mazzucco, Larry Smarr, Mark Ellisman, Phil Papadopoulos, Andrew Chien, John Orcutt, "Teleimmersion and Visualization with the OptIPuter," Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence (ICAT 2002), The University of Tokyo, Japan, December 3-6, 2002. Appears in Telecommunication, Teleimmersion and Telexistence, (Susumu Tachi, editor), Ohmsha/IOS Press, 2003, pp. 25-71
41. DeFanti, T.A., Herr, L., van Osdol, N., "CineGrid, A grid for digital cinema" (chapter), Grid networks: Enabling grids with advanced communication technology, (Franco Travostino, Joe Mambretti, Gigi Karmous-Edwards, editors), John Wiley & Sons, July 2006, pp. 33-36.
42. Mambretti, J., St. Arnaud, B., DeFanti, T.A., Brown, M., Neggers, K., "Grid network services and implications for network service design" (chapter), Grid networks: Enabling grids with advanced communication technology, (Franco Travostino, Joe Mambretti, Gigi Karmous-Edwards, editors), John Wiley & Sons, July 2006, pp. 81-98.
43. DeFanti, T.A., Brown, M., Leigh, J., "Achievements and impact of the superbroad band network" (chapter), e-Art: Art, society and democracy in the networking age (Franz Fischnaller, editor), Editori Riuniti (Rome, Italy), November 2006 <http://www.fabricat.com/eARTengl.htm>

III. Refereed Conference Proceedings

43. "Basic Zgrass," Computer Graphics, Vol. 12, No. 3, August, 1978, with Jay Fenton and Nola Donato
44. "GAIN: An Interactive Program for Teaching Interactive Computer Graphics Programming," Computer Graphics, Vol. 12, No. 3, August 1978, with Tom Towle
45. C. Cruz-Neira, D.J.Sandin, T.A. DeFanti, "Surround-Screen Projection-Based Virtual Reality: The Design and Implementation of the CAVE," Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '93), ACM SIGGRAPH, August 1993, pp. 135-142.
46. "Some Considerations for Providing Extensibility and Habitability in a Minicomputer Graphic System," Proceedings of the Eleventh UAIDE Meeting, Lake Geneva WI, October 1972.
47. "The Graphics Symbiosis System--an Interactive Mini-Computer AnimationGraphics Language Designed for Habitability and Extensibility,"Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1973.
48. "Toward Loopless Interactive Graphics Programming," Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Graphics, Pattern Recognition and Data Structure, IEEE Catalog #75CH0981-1C, May 1975.
49. "Control Structures for Performance Graphics," SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. II, No. 6, 6/76, with D.J. Sandin and R. Ainsworth.
50. "The Digital Component of the Circle Graphics Habitat," Proceedings of the National Computer Conference, 1976.
51. "Instructional Electronic Visualization," Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Picture Data Description and Management, April 1977, with D.J. Sandin.
52. "An Interactive Graphics System for Causal Network Graph Models," Proceedings of the Thirteenth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, January 1980, with Donald Warren Collins.
53. "Language Control Structures for Easy Electronic Visualization," Byte, The Small Systems Journal, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 1980
54. "The Usable Intersection of PC Graphics and NTSC Video Recording," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol. 7, No. 10, October 1987, with D. Sandin "Extended Memory Use in the Zgrass Graphics System," Proceedings of Intergraphics '83, April 1983
55. "The Zgrass Glossary and Lessons," published as tutorial notes for Intergraphics'83, 144 pages, Tokyo, Japan, April 1983.
56. "Direct High-Level Language Access to Low-Level Graphics Functions," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol. 7, No. 10, October 1987, with R. Frankel and L. Leske
57. "Computer-Generated Barrier Strip Autosterography," Proceedings of the SPIE 1989 Symposium on Electronic Imaging/Non-Holographic True 3D Display Technologies, Jan. 1989, with D. J. Sandin, E. Sandor, W. T. Cunnaly, M. Resch, and M. D. Brown
58. Meyers, S., Sandin, D.J., Cunnally, W.T., Sandor, E. and DeFanti, T.A., "New Advances in Computer-Generated Barrier-Strip Autostereography," Proceedings of the SPIE 1990 Symposium on Electronic Imaging/ Stereoscopic Displays and Applications, SPIE, January 1990.
59. DeFanti, T.A., Sandin, D.J., Hart, J.C., Lescinsky, G.W., Brown, M.D. and Kauffman, L.H., "Simulacra/Stimulacra::Fractal," Proceedings of Art Futura '91, Barcelona, January 1991.
60. C. Cruz-Neira, D.J. Sandin, T.A. DeFanti, R.V. Kenyon and J.C. Hart, "The CAVE: Audio Visual Experience Automatic Virtual Environment," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 35, No. 6, June 1992, pp. 65-72.
61. J. Leigh, E. DeSchutter, M. Lee, J.M. Bower, T.A. DeFanti, "Realistic Modeling of Brain Structures with Remote Interaction Between Simulations of an Inferior Olivary Neuron and a Cerebellar Purkinje Cell," Proceedings of High Performance Computing 1993, Society for Computer Simulation, Arlington, VA, March 1993, pp. 248-253.
62. C. Cruz-Neira, J. Leigh, C. Barnes, S.M. Cohen, S. Das, R. Engelmann, R. Hudson, M. Papka, T. Roy, L. Siegel, C. Vasilakis, T.A. DeFanti and D.J. Sandin, "Scientists in Wonderland: A Report on Visualization Applications in the CAVE Virtual Reality Environment," IEEE 1993 Symposium on Research Frontiers in Virtual Reality, October 1993, pp. 59-66.
63. T.A. DeFanti, D.J. Sandin and C. Cruz-Neira, "A 'Room' with a 'View'," IEEE Spectrum, October 1993, pp. 30-33.
64. S. Das, T. Franguiadakis, M. Papka, T.A. DeFanti and D.J. Sandin, "A Genetic Programming Application in Virtual Reality," Proceedings of The First IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computing (ICEC '94), Volume 1, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, June 1994, pp. 480-484.
65. Johnson, F. Fotouhi, J. Leigh, T.A. DeFanti, "SANDBOX: An Interface to Scientific Data Based on Experimentation," Proceedings of the 5th Eurographics Workshop on Visualization in Scientific Computing, Eurographics, May 1994.
66. J. Leigh, C.A. Vasilakis, T.A. DeFanti, R. Grossman, C. Assad, B. Rasnow, A. Protopappas, E. DeSchutter, J.M. Bower, "Virtual Reality in Computational Neuroscience," Proceedings of the Conference on Applications of Virtual Reality, editor: R. Earnshaw, British Computer Society, June 1994.
67. S. Das, T. DeFanti, and D.J. Sandin, "An Organization For High-Level Interactive Control of Sound," Proceedings of International Conference on Auditory Display, Santa Fe, NM, November 1994.
68. M. Ghazisaedy, D. Adamczyk, D.J. Sandin, R.V. Kenyon, T.A. DeFanti, "Ultrasonic Calibration of a Magnetic Tracker in a Virtual Reality Space," Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 95), Research Triangle Park, NC, March 1995.
69. R. Hudson, C. Gunn, G. Francis, D.J. Sandin, T.A. DeFanti, "Mathenautics: Using VR to Visit 3D Manifolds," Proceeding of Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, April 9-12, 1995, pp. 167-170.
70. T.M. Roy and T.A. DeFanti, "Interactive Visualization in a High Performance Computing Virtual Environment," Proceedings of HPC '95 Symposium, to be published April 1995.
71. M. Huang, M. Papka, T.A. DeFanti, D. Levine, L. Turner, L. Kettunen, "Virtual Reality Visualization of Accelerator Magnets," Proceedings of HPC '95 Symposium, to be published April 1995.
72. R.V. Kenyon, T.A. DeFanti, D.J. Sandin, "Visual Requirements for Virtual Environment Generation," SID '95, Society of Information Display.
73. T.A. DeFanti, D.J. Sandin, G. Lindahl, M.D. Brown, "High-resolution and High-bandwidth Immersive Interactivity," Very High Resolution and Quality Imaging Conference, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 2663, February 1996, pp. 28.
74. J. Leigh, A.E. Johnson, C.A. Vasilakis, T.A. DeFanti, "Multi-Perspective Collaborative Design in Persistent Networked Virtual Environments," Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96), Santa Clara, CA, March 1996, pp. 253-260 and 271-272.
75. J. Leigh, A. Johnson, T. DeFanti, "CALVIN: an Immersimedia Design Environment Utilizing Heterogeneous Perspectives," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems '96, Hiroshima, Japan, June 17-21, 1996.
76. J. Insley, D. Sandin, T. DeFanti, "Using Video to Create Avatars in Virtual Reality," Visual Proceedings of the 1997 SIGGRAPH Conference, Los Angeles, CA, August 1997, pp 128.
77. T.A. DeFanti and M.D. Brown, "Tele-Immersion Eliminates the Barriers of Space and Time," (white paper), NSF Workshop on International Collaboration in Computer Science (WICCS '97), sponsored by the NSF CISE Special Projects Program Director with the NSF Office of Cross-Disciplinary Activities of the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, Skamania Lodge, Washington, October 9-10, 1997.
78. J. Leigh, A.E. Johnson, T.A. DeFanti, "Issues in the Design of a Flexible Distributed Architecture for Supporting Persistence and Interoperability in Collaborative Virtual Environments," SC'97 Proceedings, Sponsored by ACM SIGARCH and IEEE Computer Society, November 15-21, 1997, CD ROM.
79. J. Leigh, T.A. DeFanti, A.E. Johnson, M.D. Brown, and D.J. Sandin, "Global Tele-Immersion: Better Than Being There," ICAT '97, 7th Annual International Conference on Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence, December 3-5, 1997, University of Tokyo, Japan, Virtual Reality Society of Japan, pp. 10-17.
80. G. Lindahl, T. DeFanti, D. Sandin, G. Dawe, and M. Brown, "Optimizing Stereo Video Formats for Projection Based Virtual Reality," ACM SIGGRAPH 98.
81. Johnson, A., Leigh, J., DeFanti, T., Brown, M., Sandin, D., "CAVERN: the CAVE Research Network," Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Multimedia Virtual Laboratory. Tokyo, Japan, March 1998, Pp 15-27.
82. T.A. DeFanti, S.N. Goldstein, B. St. Arnaud, R. Wilder, R.C. Nicklas, P. Zawada, B. Davie, and M.D. Brown, "STAR TAP: International Exchange Point for High Performance Applications," INET '98, Internet Society's 8th Annual Networking Conference, July 21-24, 1998, Geneva, accepted for publication.
83. T. DeFanti, D. Sandin, G. Dawe, M. Brown, M. Rawlings, and G. Lindahl, "Personal Tele-Immersion Devices," Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Chicago, Illinois, July 28-31, 1998, pp. 198-205.
84. Leigh, J., P. Rajlich, R. Stein, A.E. Johnson, T.A. DeFanti. October 18-23, 1998. LIMBO/VTK: A Tool for Rapid Tele-Immersive Visualization. Proceedings of IEEE Visualizaton '98, Research Triangle Park, NC.
85. Johnson, A., J. Leigh, T. DeFanti. November 18-20, 1998. Multi-Disciplinary Experiences with CAVERNsoft Tele-Immersive Applications. Futurefusion: Application Realities for the Virtual Age--The Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Virtual Systems and MultiMedia, Gifu, Japan. pp. 498-503.
86. Pape, D., T. Imai, J. Anstey, M. Roussou, T. DeFanti. November 18-20, 1998. XP: An Authoring System for Immersive Art Exhibitions. Futurefusion: Application Realities for the Virtual Age--The Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Virtual Systems and MultiMedia, Gifu, Japan.
87. Johnson, A., J. Leigh, T. DeFanti, D. Sandin, M. Brown, G. Dawe. Jan 23-29, 1999. Next-Generation Tele-Immersive Devices for Desktop Trans-Oceanic Collaboration. Proceedings of Visual Communications and Image Processing '99, Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology '99, San Jose CA.
88. Pape, Dave, Dan Sandin, Tom DeFanti. January 23-29, 1999. Transparently Supporting a Wide Range of VR and Stereoscopic Display Devices. Proceedings of Visual Communications and Image. Proceedings of SPIE, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems VI (The Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality 1999), San Jose, CA, Vol. 3639.
89. McMullen, Donald F., Michael A. McRobbie, Karen Adams, Douglas Pearson, Thomas A. DeFanti, Maxine D. Brown, Dana Plepys, Alan Verlo, Steven N. Goldstein. February 18-20, 1999. The iGrid Project: Enabling International Research and Education Collaborations through High Performance Networking. Internet Workshop '99 (IWS'99), Osaka, Japan.
90. Leigh, Jason, Andrew Johnson, Tom DeFanti, Maxine Brown, Mohammed Ali, Stuart Bailey, Andy Banerjee, Pat Banerjee, Jim Chen, Kevin Curry, Jim Curtis, Fred Dech, Brian Dodds, Ian Foster, Sara Fraser, Kartik Ganeshan, Dennis Glen, Robert Grossman, Randy Heiland, John Hicks, Alan Hudson, Tomoko Imai, Mohammed Khan, Abhinav Kapoor, Robert Kenyon, John Kelso, Ron Kriz, Cathy Lascara, Xiaoyan Liu, Yalu Lin, Theodore Mason, Alan Millman, Kukimoto Nobuyuki, Kyoung Park, Bill Parod, Paul Rajlich, Mary Rasmussen, Maggie Rawlings, Daniel Robertson, Samroeng Thongrong, Robert Stein, Kent Swartz, Steve Tuecke, Harlan Wallach, Hong Yee Wong, Glen Wheless. March 1999. A Review of Tele-Immersive Applications in the CAVE Research Network. IEEE Virtual Reality '99, Houston, TX .
91. Tomoko Imai, Andrew E. Johnson, Jason Leigh, David E. Pape, Thomas A. DeFanti, "Supporting Transoceanic Collaborations in Virtual Environment," Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications and Fourth Optoelectronics and Communications Conference, Volume 2 of 2, Beijing, China, October 18-22, 1999, pp. 1059-1062. Winner of APCC/OECC Excellent Paper Award.
92. A. Hudson, J. Curtis, P. Banerjee, B. Dodds, A. Banerjee, and T. DeFanti, "Evaluation of Some Commercial VR Environments: Trends and Directions," Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millenium, P. Banerjee and T. Kesavadas, editors, Symposium on Industrial Virtual Reality, November 1-2, 1999, Chicago, sponsored by NIST and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), pp. 93-97.
93. Andrew Johnson, Dan Sandin, Greg Dawe, Dave Pape, Zhongwei Qiu, Samroeng Thongrong, Dana Plepys, Tom DeFanti, "Developing the PARIS: Using the CAVE to Prototype a New VR Display," Proceedings of IPT 2000, June 19-20, 2000, Ames, IA, CD-ROM.
94. J. Leigh, M. Rawlings, J. Girado, G. Dawe, R. Fang, A. Verlo, M.A. Khan, A. Cruz, D. Plepys, D. Sandin, T.A. DeFanti, "AccessBot: An Enabling Technology for Telepresence," Proceedings of INET 2000, Yokohama, Japan, CDROM.
95. Daniel J. Sandin, Todd Margolis, Greg Dawe, Jason Leigh, Thomas A. DeFanti, "The VarrierTM Auto-Stereographic Display," Proceedings of Photonics West 2001: Electronics Imaging, sponsored by SPIE, San Jose, CA, January 20-26, 2001. [http://spie.org/web/meetings/programs/pw01/home.html]
96. Jason Leigh, Greg Dawe, Jonas Talandis, Eric He, Shalini Venkataraman, Jinghua Ge, Dan Sandin, Thomas A. DeFanti, "AGAVE: Access Grid Augmented Virtual Environment," Proceedings of the Access Grid (AG) Technical Retreat, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, January 30-31, 2001. [http://www.mcs.anl.gov/fl/accessgrid/ag-retreat-2001/ag-retreat-2001.htm]
97. Jason Leigh, Oliver Yu, Dan Schonfeld, Rashid Ansari, Eric He, Atul Nayak, Jinghua Ge, Naveen Krishnapasad, Kyoung Park, Yong-joo Cho, Liujia Hu, Ray Fang, Alan Verlo, Linda Winkler, Thomas DeFanti, "Adaptive Networking for Tele-Immersion," Proceedings of the 5th Immersive Projection Technology/ 7th Eurographics Virtual Environments Conference, May 16-18, 2001, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 199-208.
98. D. Pape, Anstey, J., D'Souza, S., DeFanti, T., Roussou, M., Gaitatzes, A.,Shared Miletus: Towards a Networked Virtual History Museum, Proceedings of the International Conference on Augmented, Virtual Environments and Three-Dimensional Imaging (ICAV3D), Mykonos, Greece, May 30-June 1, 2001.
99. J. Leigh, J. Girado, R. Singh, A. Johnson, K. Park and T. DeFanti, "TeraVision: A Platform and Software Independent Solution for Real Time Display Distribution in Advanced Collaborative Environments," Proceedings of the Access Grid Retreat, La Jolla, California, 2002 <http://www.mcs.anl.gov/fl/accessgrid/ag-retreat-2002/index2002.htm>
100. Eric He, Jason Leigh, Oliver Yu, Thomas DeFanti, "Reliable Blast UDP: Predictable High Performance Bulk Data Transfer," IEEE Cluster Computing 2002, Chicago, Illinois, September 2002. <http://www.evl.uic.edu/cavern/papers/cluster2002.pdf>
101. Jason Leigh, Andrew Johnson, Kyoung Park, Atul Nayak, Rajvikram Singh, Vikas Chowdhry, Thomas A. DeFanti, "Amplified Collaboration Environments," VizGrid Symposium, Tokyo, November 2002.
102. Javier I. Girado, Daniel J. Sandin, Thomas A. DeFanti, Laura K. Wolf, "Real-Time Camera Based Face Detection using a modified LAMSTAR Neural Network System," Proceedings of Electronic Imaging 2003/Conference 5015: Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Image Processing VIII, 15th Annual Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, sponsored by The Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) and The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), January 20-24, 2003, Santa Clara, California, USA
103. Jason Leigh, Luc Renambot, Thomas A. DeFanti, Maxine Brown, Eric He, Naveen Krishnaprasad, Javid M Alimohideen Meerasa, Atul Nayak, Kyoung Park, Rajvikram Singh, Shalini Venkataraman, Chong (Charles) Zhang, Drake Livingston, Michael McLaughlin, "An Experimental OptIPuter Architecture for Data-Intensive Collaboration Visualization," Third Annual Workshop on Advanced Collaborative Environments, co-located at the Twelfth IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC 12) and Global Grid Forum 8, Seattle, Washington, June 22, 2003 <http://www.mcs.anl.gov/fl/events/wace2003/index.html>
104. Cristian Luciano, Pat Banerjee, Tom DeFanti, "A Framework for Efficient and More Realistic Haptics Applications," Proceedings of 23rd ASME International 2003 CIE: 23rd American Society of Mechanical Engineers' 2003 Computers and Information in Engineering Conference September 2-6, 2003, Chicago, IL
105. Luciano, C., Banerjee, P., DeFanti, T.A., Mehrotra, S., "Realistic cross-platform haptic applications using freely-available libraries," Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, in conjunction with IEEE Virtual Reality 2004, Chicago, IL, March 29-April 1, 2004
106. J. Leigh, P. Morin, B. Davis, T. DeFanti, E. Ito, A. Johnson, J. Orcutt, F. Rack, L. Renambot, H. Thorleifson, "Emerging Computing Technologies for Data-Intensive Geoscience Research and Education" (oral presentation as part of Geologic Time and CHRONOS: Databases, Tools, Outreach, Education, and the Geoinformatics Revolution II), Geological Society of America Annual Meeting 2004, Denver CO, November 7-10, 2004.
107. Nayak, A., Vernon, F., Kent, G., Orcutt, J., Kilb, D., Newman, R., Eakins, J., Smarr, L., DeFanti, T.A., Leigh, J., Renambot, L., Johnson, A., "iCluster: Visualizing USArray data on a scalable high resolution tiled display using the OptIPuter" (presentation), Geosciences network (GEON) 3rd Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, May 5-6, 2005.
108. Tsukinama, Y., Hirano, A., Nagatsu, N., Ohara, T., Imajuku, W., Jinno, M., Takigawa, Y., Hagimoto, K., Renambot, L., Jeong, B., Leigh, J., DeFanti, T.A., Verlo, A., Winkler, L., "The first application-driven Lambda-on-demand field trial over a US nationwide network," Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC 2006 (Optical fiber communication/ national fiber optic engineers conference), Anaheim, CA, IEEE/ComSoc, IEEE/LEOS, OSA, 03/05/2006 - 03/10/2006
109. Vishwanath, V., Leigh, J., He, E., Brown, M.D., Long, L., Renambot, L., Verlo, A., Wang, X., DeFanti, T.A., "Wide-area experiments with LambdaStream over dedicated high-bandwidth networks," IEEE INFOCOM 2006, 04/24/2006 - 04/26/2006
110. Peterka, T., Kooima, R.L., Girado, J.I., Ge, J., Sandin, D.J., DeFanti, T.A., "Evolution of the varrier autostereoscopic VR display: 2001-2007," Proceedings of SPIE -- Volume 6490 Stereoscopic displays and virtual reality systems XIV, Woods, A.J., Dodgson, N.A., Merritt, J.O., Bolas, M.T., McDowall, I.E., Editors, 649004, Mar. 5, 2007
111. Ge, J., Sandin, D.J., Johnson, A., Peterka, T., Kooima, R.L., Girado, J.I., DeFanti, T.A., "Point-based VR visualization for large-scale mesh datasets by real-time remote computation", Proceedings of the 2006 ACM international conference on Virtual reality continuum and its applications pp. 43-50.
112. Kooima, R.L., Peterka, T., Girado, J.I., Ge, J., Sandin, D.J., DeFanti, T.A., "A GPU Sub-pixel algorithm for autostereoscopic virtual reality", Virtual reality conference, 2007 VR '07 10-14 March 2007, pp. 131-137.
113. Luo, X., Kenyon, R., Kamper, D.G., Sandin, D.J., DeFanti, T.A., "The effects of scene complexity, stereovision, and motion parallax on size constancy in a virtual environment", Proceedings of the IEEE virtual reality conference 2007(VR'07), Charlotte, NC, 03/10/2007 - 03/14/2007
114. Peterka, T. Kooima, R.L. Girado, J.I. Jinghua Ge Sandin, D.J. Johnson, A. Leigh, J. Schulze, J. DeFanti, T.A., "Dynallax: Solid state dynamic parallax barrier autostereoscopic VR display", Virtual reality conference, 2007 VR '07, 10-14 March 2007, pp. 155-162.
115. Girado, J. I., Peterka, T., Kooima, R. L., Ge, J., Sandin, D. J., Johnson, A. E., Leigh, J., DeFanti, T. A., "Real-time neural network-based face tracker for VR Displays", Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual reality conference 2007(VR'07), Charlotte, NC, 03/10/2007 - 03/14/2007.
116. Okamoto, S., Sameshima, Y., Otani, T., Moore, J., Xin, Y., Karmous-Edwards, G., Verlo, A., DeFanti, T.A., Mao, L., Jerphagnon, O., "First demonstration of end-to-end inter-domain lightpath provisioning using GMPLS E-NNI between US and Japan for high-end data and Grid services", Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC 2007 (Optical fiber communication/national fiber optic engineers conference), sponsored by IEEE/ComSoc, IEEE/LEOS and the Optical Society of America (OSA), March 25-29, 2007, Anaheim, CA.
117. Leigh, J., Johnson, A., Renambot, L., Sandin, D.J., DeFanti, T.A., Brown, M.D., Jeong, B., Jagodic, R., Krumbholz, C., Svistula, D., Hur, H., Kooima, R.L., Peterka, T., Ge, J., Falk, C., "Emerging from the CAVE: Collaboration in ultra high resolution environments," First international symposium on universal communication, Kyoto, Japan, June 14-15, 2007.
118. Leigh, J., Johnson, A., Renambot, L., DeFanti, T.A., Brown, M.D., Jeong, B., Jagodic, R., Krumbholz, C., Svistula, D., Hur, H., Kooima, R.L., Peterka, T., Ge, J., Falk, C., "Emerging from the CAVE: Collaboration in ultra high resolution environments", Proceedings of the First international symposium on universal communication, Kyoto, Japan, 06/14/2007 - 06/15/2007.
119. DeFanti, T.A., Verlo, A., Tsukishima, Y., Hirano, A., Taniguchi, A., Imajuku, W., Jinno, M., Hibino, Y., Takigawa, Y., Hagimoto, K., Wang, X., Renambot, L., Jeong, B., Jagodic, R., Nam, S., Leigh, J., "The first optically-virtual-concatenated Lambdas over multiple domains in Chicago metro area network achieved through interworking of network resource managers", 12th optoelectronics and communications conference (OECC 2007) / 16th International conference on integrated optics and optical fiber communication (IOOC), Yokohama, Japan, July 9-13, 2007. (Best Paper Award)
120. Tsukishima, Y., Hirano, A., Nagatsu, N., Imajuku, W., Jinno, M., Hibino, Y., Takigawa, Y., Hagimoto, K., Wang, X., Renambot, L., Jeong, B., Leigh, J., DeFanti, T., Verlo, A., "Lambda sharing demonstration via traffic-driven Lambda-on-demand", Proceedings of the 33rd European conference and exhibition on optical communication (ECOC 2007), International congress center (ICC), Berlin, Germany, 09/16/2007 - 09/20/2007.

IV. Other

121. "Special Report: Visualization in Scientific Computation--A Synopsis," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, July, 1987, with Bruce McCormick and Maxine Brown
122. DeFanti, T.A. et al., Photographic display of images produced at the Electronic Visualization Laboratory, World Graphic Design Now, Volume 6: Computer Graphics, Kodansha Ltd., Japan, 1989, pp. 176-177.
123. DeFanti, T.A., "Better Science, Not Better Images," Computer Pictures, June/July, 1989, pp. 57.
124. DeFanti, T.A., Brown, M.D. and McCormick, B.H., "Visualization: Expanding Scientific and Engineering Research Opportunities," IEEE Computer, August 1989, pp. 12-25.
125. DeFanti, T.A., Sandin, D.J., Hart, J.C. and Lescinsky, G., "One Picture's Worth A Thousand Gigaflops," Pixel, July/August, 1990, pp. 40-41.
126. T.A. DeFanti and M.D. Brown, Foreward, Scientific Visualization Advances and Challenges, L. Rosenblum, R.A. Earnshaw, J. Encarnacao, H. Hagen, A. Kaufman, S. Klimenko, G. Nielson, F. Post, D. Thalmann (editors), Academic Press, 1994, pp. xv-xvi.
127. J. Leigh, C.A. Vasilakis, T.A. DeFanti, R. Grossman, C. Assad, B. Rasnow, A. Protopappas, E. DeSchutter, J.M. Bower, "Virtual Reality in Computational Neuroscience," Virtual Reality and Its Applications, R. Earnshaw, J.A. Vince and H. Jones, (eds.), Academic Press, London, 1995, pp. 293-306.
128. T.A. DeFanti, M.D. Brown and R. Stevens, "Virtual Reality Over High-Speed Networks," IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, July 1996, pp. 42-43.
129. T.A. DeFanti and M.D. Brown, "GII Testbed Applications on the I-WAY," IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, July 1996, pp. 14-17.
130. T. DeFanti, D. Sandin and M. Brown, "The Coming Defenestration: Immersive Environments Without Windows," IEEE Multimedia, Winter 1996, pp. 6-9.
131. (T.A. DeFanti, Contributor) A.W. Biermann (chair of steering committee), More Than Screen Deep: Toward Every-Citizen Interfaces to the Nation's Information Infrastructure, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1997.
132. V.D. Lehner and T.A. DeFanti, "Distributed Virtual Reality: Supporting Remote Collaboration in Vehicle Design," IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, March/April 1997, pp. 13-17.
133. M. Czernuszenko, D. Pape, D. Sandin, T. DeFanti, G.L. Dawe, and M.D. Brown, "The ImmersaDesk and Infinity Wall Projection-Based Virtual Reality Displays," Computer Graphics, ACM SIGGRAPH, Volume 31, Number 2, May 1997, pp. 46-49. http://www.evl.uic.edu/pape/CAVE/idesk/paper/
134. R. Stevens, P. Woodward, T. DeFanti, and C. Catlett, "From the I-WAY to the National Technology Grid," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 40, No. 11, November 1997, pp. 51-60.
135. S. Refsland, T. Ojika, T. DeFanti, A. Johnson, J. Leigh, C. Loeffler, X. Tu, "Virtual Great Barrier Reef: A Theoretical approach towards an evolving, interactive VR environment using a distributed DOME and CAVE system," Proceedings of Virtual Worlds '98, Paris, France, July 1-3, 1998. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence #1434, Jean-Claude Heudin Ed, Springer Verlag, pp. 323-336.
136. Tom DeFanti (contributor), "Special Report on Human-Centered Computing, Online Communities and Virtual Environments," Judy Brown, Andy van Dam, Rae Earnshaw, Jose Encarnacao, Richard Guedj, Jennifer Preece, Ben Shneiderman, John Vance (editors), ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, Vol 33, No 3, August 1999, pp. 42-62. [Summary of "Research Frontiers in Virtual Environments and Human-Centered Computing," Proceedings of Joint EC/NSF Workshop, 1-4 June 1999, 605 pp, June 1999.]
137. Tom DeFanti (contributor), "Special Report on Human-Centered Computing, Online Communities and Virtual Environments," Judy Brown, Andy van Dam, Rae Earnshaw, Jose Encarnacao, Richard Guedj, Jennifer Preece, Ben Shneiderman, John Vance (editors), ACM Interactions, Vol. 6, No. 5, Sept/Oct 1999, pp. 9-16. [Summary of "Research Frontiers in Virtual Environments and Human-Centered Computing," Proceedings of Joint EC/NSF Workshop, 1-4 June 1999, 605 pp, June 1999.]
138. Tom DeFanti (contributor), "Human-Centered Computing, Online Communities and Virtual Environments," Judy Brown, Andy van Dam, Rae Earnshaw, Jose Encarnacao, Richard Guedj, Jennifer Preece, Ben Shneiderman, John Vance (editors), IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 6, 1999, ISSN 0272-1716, pp. 70-74. [Summary of "Research Frontiers in Virtual Environments and Human-Centered Computing," Proceedings of Joint EC/NSF Workshop, 1-4 June 1999, 605 pp, June 1999.]
139. Jason Leigh, Andy Johnson, Maxine Brown, Dan Sandin, Tom DeFanti, "Tele-Immersion: Collaborative Visualization in Immersive Environments," IEEE Computer, December 1999, pp. 66-73.
140. T.A. DeFanti, M.D. Brown, and B.H. McCormick, "Visualization-Expanding Scientific and Engineering Research Opportunities" reprint from IEEE Computer, Vol. 22, No. 8, 1989, pp. 12-25, Readings in Information Visualization, S. Card, J. Mackinlay, and B. Shneiderman (eds.), Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., 1999.
141. T. DeFanti, "Better than Being There: Next Millennium Networks," IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, January/February 2000, pp. 60-61.
142. Steven N. Goldstein, Maxine D. Brown, Thomas A. DeFanti, "The Crossroads of Advanced Networks, " La Recherche, Paris, France, February 2000, pp. 50-51.
143. Larry L. Smarr, Andrew A. Chien, Tom DeFanti, Jason Leigh, Philip M. Papadopoulos, "The OptIPuter," Communications of the ACM, Volume 46, Issue 11, November 2003, pp. 58-67.Thomas A. DeFanti, Maxine D. Brown and Cees de Laat (guest editors), iGrid 2002 (special issue), Journal of Future Generation of Computer Systems (FGCS), Elsevier Science Press, Volume 19, Issue 6, August 2003, pp. 803-1062.
144. Tom DeFanti, Cees de Laat, Joe Mambretti, Kees Neggers, and Bill St. Arnaud, "TransLight: A Global-Scale LambdaGrid for e-Science," Communications of the ACM, Volume 46, Issue 11, November 2003, pp. 34-41.